Dyslipidemia is a common metabolic complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Prior to dialysis or transplantation, CKD is typically associated with increased levels of triglycerides (TGs) and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing worldwide, with an estimated prevalence of 13% [ 1 , 2 ]. Patients with CKD face an elevated risk of heart failure (HF) and those who develop HF have a high risk of HF readmissions, CKD progression, and …

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a global public health problem [ 1 – 3 ]. In 2017, the global prevalence was 9.1%, with approximately 700 million cases [ 4 ]. In Colombia, it has been estimated a gross and underdiagnosed prevalence of 1.54 CKD …

Halitosis generally affects a large proportion of humans, either in the short or long term. The reported prevalence of halitosis varies greatly and lies between 8% and 45% in young patients [ 1 – 3 ]. The inconsistency could be due to the lack of …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global public health problem, as a common condition that is silent in its early stages, preventable, neglected in many places and costly for all health systems [ 1 ]. In developed countries, more than 10% of …

Atherosclerosis is an important contributor to cardiovascular disease (CVD), including myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and peripheral vascular disease [ 1 , 2 ]. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk scores have been developed …

Four large-scale placebo-controlled outcome trials have studied the effects of sodium–glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in different populations of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Meta-analysis has demonstrated clear net …

In recent years, with the increasing aging of the population, the burden of disease and the limited public health resources are bringing global concern seriously [ 1 ]. According to World Population Prospects, the number of people over 65 in the …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cognitive impairment are common conditions most notably for the aging population and have increasing public health significance [ 1 ]. With increased longevity, older adults of American age are at a significant risk …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is typically defined by a glomerular filtration rate of less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or the presence of other indicators of kidney damage, such as albuminuria [ 1 , 2 ]. CKD represents a global public health challenge …

Prior research has established associations between immune cells, inflammatory proteins, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Our Mendelian randomization study aims to elucidate the genetic causal relationships among these factors and CKD. We applied …

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is an escalating global health concern marked by its increased prevalence over the past few decades [ 1 ]. CKD affects 8–16% of the global population and has substantially affected public health and healthcare economies …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) significantly impacts global health, with its management complicated by the high prevalence of sarcopenia, identified as a loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Duarte et al. [ 1 ] report a notable prevalence of …